Cynolebias  22 Arten

 

(Steindachner, 1876)

 

Ichthyologische Beiträge (V). Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien mathem.-naturwiss. Klasse Abt.1, 74: 172.

 

Type-species: 

Cynolebias porosus 

 

Type locality: shipped from Pernambuco (today Recife ; in fact from inland of Pernambuco state, but probably not far, due to travel contingencies), Brasil. 

 

  

      Cynolebias griseus "Nova Roma BR 2014/5"

Cynolebias akroa (Nielsen, Martins, Medeiros, Origuela & Faour, 2018)

Cynolebias albipunctatus  Costa & Brasil, 1991  Synonym of Cynolebias porosus

Cynolebias altus Costa, 2001

Cynolebias attenuatus Costa, 2001

Cynolebias elegans (Costa, 2017)

Cynolebias gibbus Costa, 2001

Cynolebias gilbertoi Costa, 1998

Cynolebias gorutuba (Costa, 2017)

Cynolebias griseus Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990

Cynolebias itapicuruensis Costa, 2001

Cynolebias leptocephalus Costa & Brasil, 1993

Cynolebias microphthalmus Costa & Brasil, 1995

Cynolebias obscurus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias ochraceus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias oticus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias paraguassuensis Costa, Suzart & Nielsen, 2007

Cynolebias parietalis Costa, 2014

Cynolebias parnaibensis Costa, Ramos, Alexandre & Ramos, 2010

Cynolebias perforatus Costa & Brasil, 1991

Cynolebias porosus Steindachner, 1876

Cynolebias rectiventer Costa, 2014

Cynolebias roseus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias vazabarrisensis Costa, 2001

 

Cynolebias akroa (Nielsen, Martins, Medeiros, Origuela & Faour, 2018)

Cynolebias akroa é o novo killifish descrito no estado da Bahia, pelo Instituto Killifish Brasil.

   Der neue Killifisch Cynolebias akroa wurde im Bundesstaat Bahia im Rio Preto Becken im São Francisco Flussbecken beschrieben. Die Beschreibung stammt vom Killifish Institute Brazil, einer NGO, die sich auf den Schutz dieser Arten konzentriert. Die Art wurde in temporären Pools gefunden, wo das Vorhandensein von exotischen Arten identifiziert wurde und das Vorhandensein eines permanenten Wasserlaufs. Cynolebias akroa sp. n. bewohnt die gleiche jährliche Pfütze wie der Killifisch Hypsolebias faouri und beide sind vom Aussterben bedroht. 

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Cynolebias altus Costa, 2001

The neotropical annual fish genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationship, taxonomic Revision and Biogeography. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 12 (4): 370.

Type locality: 25 km south Ibotirama, rio São Francisco floodplains, Bahia state, Brasil.

Cynolebias attenuatus Costa, 2001

The neotropical annual fish genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationship, taxonomic Revision and Biogeography. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 12 (4): 375, figs. 28-29.

Type locality: 12 km west Bom Jesus da Lapa, Bahia state, Brasil.

 

Cynolebias elegans (Costa, 2017)

Cynolebias gorutuba (Costa, 2017)

Description of two endangered new seasonal killifish species of the genus Cynolebias from the São Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)

Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(2): 333-341 (12 Oct 2017)

Abstract

Two new species of Cynolebias are described from temporary pools of the Verde Grande River drainage, São Francisco basin, in the semiarid Caatinga, a phytogeographical province of northeastern Brazil. Cynolebias elegans sp. n., a member of the C. gilbertoi group, is considered as the smallest species of the genus, reaching about 38 mm of standard length; it is distinguished from all other species of the group by the long unpaired fins, relative position of anal fin and vertebrae, and morphometric data. Cynolebias gorutuba sp. n. belongs to the Cynolebias zeta-clade, a group of large species supposedly feeding on smaller sympatric seasonal killifishes; it differs from other species of the group by the female colour pattern, relative position of dorsal fin and vertebrae, and cephalic neuromast pattern. Both species herein described were not found in recent collecting trips, after their habitats had been drastically modified, and are also possibly highly endangered if not already extinct. Field data relative to gradual habitat decline in the type locality region of C. elegans indicate that after pools lose the dense vegetation that provides shelter to small species, these species such as C. elegans become exposed to larger sympatric predatory species and are extirpated. These data support the hypothesis that small seasonal killifish species specialised in living within marginal shaded areas of temporary pools are more susceptible to environmental changes than other congeners.

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Cynolebias gibbus Costa, 2001

The neotropical annual fish genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationship, taxonomic Revision and Biogeography. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 12 (4): 378, figs. 31-32.

Type locality: 9.5 km north Sitio do Mato, Bahia state, Brasil.

 

Cynolebias gilbertoi Costa, 1998

Cynolebias gilbertoi, A new Species of annual Fish (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) from the Rio Sao Francisco Basin, northeastern Brasil. Cybium, 22 (3): 238, fig. 1.

Type locality: about 30 km south of Bom Jesus da Lapa, near rio São Francisco, Bahia state, Brasil.

 

 

Cynolebias griseus Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990

Costa, W.J.E.M. 1990. Description de deux nouvelles Especes du Genre Cynolebias du Bassin du Rio Tocantins. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpetol., 17 (1): 11, figs. 9-10.

Cynolebias griseus "Nova Roma BR 2014/5"

 

 

Cynolebias itapicuruensis Costa, 2001

The neotropical annual fish genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationship, taxonomic Revision and Biogeography. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 12 (4): 362, fig. 20.

Type locality: Capim Grosso, rio Itapicuru basin, Bahia state, Brasil.
 

Cynolebias leptocephalus Costa & Brasil, 1993

Two new Species of Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil, with Notes on Phylogeny and Biogeography of annual Fishes. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 4 (3): 196, figs. 4-5.

Type locality: near Guanambi, Bahia state, Brasil.

 

Cynolebias microphthalmus Costa & Brasil, 1995

Pearl Killifishes. The Cynolebiatinae. Systematics and Biogeography of a neotropical annual Fish Subfamily. T.F.H. Pub., Neptune City, New Jersey: 81, fig. 97.

Type locality: Mossoró, Rio Grande do norte, Brasil.

Cynolebias obscurus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias ochraceus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias oticus Costa, 2014

Cynolebias parietalis Costa, 2014

Cynolebias rectiventer Costa, 2014

Cynolebias roseus Costa, 2014

Six new species of seasonal killifishes of the genus Cynolebias from the São Francisco river basin, Brazilian Caatinga, with notes on C. porosus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (1): 79-96.

Six new species of the seasonal killifish genus Cynolebias are described. They are endemic to the Caatinga of the middle São Francisco river basin, a semi-arid savannah region of north-eastern Brazil undergoing intensive habitat loss. Cynolebias ochraceus, new species, is closely related to C. gilbertoi, differing from it by having more vertebrae, fewer vomerine teeth, more caudal-fin rays and a different colouration in males. Cynolebias obscurus, new species, and C. roseus, new species, are members of the C. porosus group, the former being distinguished from congeners of that group by having a narrow basihyal, the ventral process of autopalatine absent, and a distinct colour pattern in males; and C. roseus differing by having contact organs over the internal surface of all the pectoral-fin rays in males. Cynolebias rectiventer, new species, C. parietalis, new species, and C. oticus, new species, are members of the C. perforatus group; C. rectiventer differs from all congeners of its group by having contact organs only on the seven upper-most rays of the pectoral fin in males, a small ventral process on the autopalatine and gill rakers slightly curved with denticles restricted to margin, and absence of scales on the dorsal-fin base; C. parietalis, by having supraorbital and parietal series of neuromasts united and a broad basihyal; and, C. oticus, by having the otic and post-otic series of neuromasts often united or in close proximity and the dorsal profile of the head concave in all ontogenetic stages. Cynolebias albipunctatus is considered as a synonym of C. porosus, which is assumed to be endemic to the São Francisco river basin. Preliminary conservation status assessments indicate that at least two new species, C. obscurus and C. ochraceus, are endangered.

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Cynolebias paraguassuensis Costa, Suzart & Nielsen, 2007

Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new seasonal killifish from the Brazilian Caatinga, Paraguaçu River basin. Aqua J. Ichthyol. Aquat. Biol. 12(3):129-132. 

Cynolebias parnaibensis from the Canindé River drainage, Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil, is described. It is considered to be a member of a clade endemic to the Caatinga. The clade is diagnosed, e. g., by a series of structural modifications of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, which is related to the sound production exhibited by males during courtship behavior. The courtship sound of C. parnaibensis consists of a single pulse named as thump (duration 0.031-0.133s; interthump intervals 0.020-8.319s; dominant frequency 70.3-93.8 Hz). The new species is distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of 27-31 neuromasts around eye, 29-33 supraorbital neuromasts, 16-18 dorsal-fin rays and 19 anal-fin rays in males, 28-31 caudal-fin rays, 33-36 scales in the longitudinal series, 3+10 gill-rakers in the first branchial arch, absence of second pharyngobranchial teeth, absence of contact organs on the flank scales, 34-35 vertebrae, absence of teeth on vomer, and presence of transverse series of scales on the anal-fin base.

 

Cynolebias parnaibensis Costa, Ramos, Alexandre & Ramos, 2010

Cynolebias parnaibensis, a new seasonal killifish from the Caatinga, Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil, with notes on sound producing courtship behavior (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Neotrop. Ichthyol. 8(2):283-288

Cynolebias parnaibensis from the Canindé River drainage, Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil, is described. It is considered to be a member of a clade endemic to the Caatinga. The clade is diagnosed, e. g., by a series of structural modifications of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, which is related to the sound production exhibited by males during courtship behavior. The courtship sound of C. parnaibensis consists of a single pulse named as thump (duration 0.031-0.133s; interthump intervals 0.020-8.319s; dominant frequency 70.3-93.8 Hz). The new species is distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of 27-31 neuromasts around eye, 29-33 supraorbital neuromasts, 16-18 dorsal-fin rays and 19 anal-fin rays in males, 28-31 caudal-fin rays, 33-36 scales in the longitudinal series, 3+10 gill-rakers in the first branchial arch, absence of second pharyngobranchial teeth, absence of contact organs on the flank scales, 34-35 vertebrae, absence of teeth on vomer, and presence of transverse series of scales on the anal-fin base. 

 

Cynolebias perforatus Costa & Brasil, 1991

Three new Species of Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 2 (1): 56, figs. 1, 2b.

Type locality: near Januária, municipio of Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

 

Cynolebias porosus Steindachner, 1876

Ichthyologische Beiträge (V). Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien mathem.-naturwiss. Klasse Abt.1, 74: 173, pl. 10 (fig. 3).

Type locality: shipped from Pernambuco (today Recife ; in fact from inland of Pernambuco state, but probably not far, due to travel contingencies), Brasil.

 

Cynolebias vazabarrisensis Costa, 2001

The neotropical annual fish genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic revision and biogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 12(4):333-383 

South America: Vaza-Barris River basin in Brazil. 

 

 

Synchronic historical patterns of species diversification in seasonal aplocheiloid killifishes of the semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga.    

Costa, W.J.E.M., Amorim, P.F. & Mattos, J.L.O. (2018)

Abstract

The Caatinga is the largest nucleus of seasonally dry tropical forests in South America, but little is known about the evolutionary history and biogeography of endemic organisms. Evolutionary diversification and distribution of terrestrial vertebrates endemic to the Caatinga have been explained by palaeogeographical Neogene episodes, mostly related to changes in the course of the São Francisco River, the largest river in the region. Our objective is to estimate the timing of divergence of two endemic groups of short-lived seasonal killifishes inhabiting all ecoregions of the Caatinga, testing the occurrence of synchronic events of spatial diversification in light of available data on regional palaeogeography. We performed independent time-calibrated phylogenetic molecular analyses for two clades of sympatric and geographically widespread seasonal killifishes endemic to the Caatinga, the Hypsolebias antenori group and the Cynolebias alpha-clade. Our results consistently indicate that species diversification took place synchronically in both groups, as well as it is contemporary to diversification of other organisms adapted to life in the semi-arid Caatinga, including lizards and small mammals. Both groups originated during the Miocene, but species diversification started between the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene, when global cooling probably favoured the expansion of semi-arid areas. Synchronic diversification patterns found are chronologically related to Tertiary palaeogeographical reorganizations associated to continental drift and to Quaternary climatic changes, corroborating the recent proposal that South American biodiversity has been continuously shaped between the Late Paleogene and Pleistocene.

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A new genus of miniature cynolebiasine from the Atlantic Forest and alternative biogeographical explanations for seasonal killifish distribution patterns in South America (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)  (Costa 2014)

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Abstract The analysis of 78 morphological characters for 16 species representing all the lineages of the tribe Cynopoecilini and three out-groups, indicates that the incertae sedis miniature species ‘Leptolebias’ leitaoi Cruz & Peixoto is the sister group of a clade comprising the genera Leptolebias, Campellolebias, and Cynopoecilus, consequently recognised as the only member of a new genus. Mucurilebias gen. nov. is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies: eye occupying great part of head side, low number of caudal-fin rays (21), distal portion of epural much broader than distal portion of parhypural, an oblique red bar through opercle in both sexes, isthmus bright red in males, a white stripe on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males, and a red stripe on the distal margin of the anal fin in males. Mucurilebias leitaoi is an endangered seasonal species endemic to the Mucuri river basin. The biogeographical analysis of genera of the subfamily Cynolebiasinae using a dispersal-vicariance, event-based parsimony approach indicates that distribution of South American killifishes may be broadly shaped by dispersal events. The analysis supports south-eastern Brazilian coastal plains as the centre of dispersal for cynolebiasine killifishes. Alternative biogeographical explanations are compared and possible dispersal routes and means of dispersal are discussed.